Cardiovascular Disease Risk from Protease Inhibitors-ART for HIV: Retrospective Cohort of University Teaching Hospital, Zambia
Brian Chiluba,
Esther Munalula-Nkandu,
Chola Nakazwe Daka,
Mumbi Chola,
Gershom Chongwe
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, October 2017
Pages:
98-103
Received:
23 July 2017
Accepted:
27 July 2017
Published:
30 August 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ccr.20170104.11
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Abstract: The burden of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) in Sub-Saharan Africa is rising amidst a high prevalence of infectious diseases including HIV. While use of certain Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) drugs has been shown to cause dyslipidaemia, little is known about the burden of CVD in the presence of Protease Inhibitors (PIs) in Sub-Saharan Africa. We investigated the incidence and risks associated with the use of PI-containing ART in the development of CVD among HIV seropositive adults at the University Teaching Hospital, Zambia. For this purpose a retrospective cohort study was used to review records of patients on PIs and non PIs between January 2008 and January 2016. The end point of the study was CVD (n=281). Generalized linear models using a log-binomial link were used to assess covariates, while Kaplan Meier method for probability of survival to CVD and time to CVD comorbidity were utilised. The results showed that the incidence of CVD among PIs was 62%, while among the non-PI ART group it was 38%. The risk of CVD was 2.3 times higher (p<0.001; 95% CI: 1.86-2.81) in the PIs ART group than non-PI ART group. Risk factors included; Age, CD4 cell count, Type of ART, Years since HIV diagnosis and BMI, with the CVD attributable risk of 56%. The Kaplan-Meier survival estimates for CVD showed a marked difference in survivorship between the two ART groups (Log-rank P=0.003). Based on this therefore, prolonged use of PI-containing ART was significantly associated with a higher incidence of CVD. Addressing the modifiable risk factors could significantly contribute towards reduction of CVD in the HIV population. This study underscores the importance of new screening strategies to be effectively incorporated in ART program. However, many opportunities exist for developing interventions for optimal screening, treatment and prevention of CVD in patients on ART.
Abstract: The burden of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) in Sub-Saharan Africa is rising amidst a high prevalence of infectious diseases including HIV. While use of certain Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) drugs has been shown to cause dyslipidaemia, little is known about the burden of CVD in the presence of Protease Inhibitors (PIs) in Sub-Saharan Africa. We invest...
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Intrusion of Herbal Antilipidemics – Cardiac Protective Through Electromagnetic Thermal Device Patches
Rakesh Das,
Sudhanshu Chakraborty
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, October 2017
Pages:
104-112
Received:
30 September 2017
Accepted:
17 October 2017
Published:
23 November 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ccr.20170104.12
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Abstract: Objective: Development of an innovated, economic and simple herbal formulation as cardiac protective through designed electromagnetic thermal device patches which induced the drugs directly to coronary arteries. This opens the blocked vessels even between 50-80% without Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Material & Methods: The electromagnetic thermal device is designed with polysiloxane adhesive tape, centrally mounted with PVC membrane and over that consists of drug reservoir and in top embedded with electromagnetic vibrator. Drug use to be injected with micro-syringe and patch is operated with remote control. So, the generated heat and vibration penetrates the drug (Allicin & Arjuna) directly, vertically to coronary arteries (CA) under pericardium membrane, stored in pericardium fluid. Finally a high concentration of drugs opens the lipid choked in CA. Result & Discussion: Before and after cardiac patch drug delivery therapy ECG report, TMT, Doppler test, Angiogram analysis with the help of graphics and images, has been carried-out to evaluate the % of blockage opened. The comparative study of opening of vascular blockage through this new mechanics against other conventional drugs and CABG which proves its superior valuation. Due to herbal nature of drug contents and without any mechanical invasion, it has no adverse effects and drug interaction. Conclusion: The new innovated designed cardiac patches open the coronary artery blockage in very simply, economically, without medication error, without side effects due to herbal origin and treatment without surgery. This concludes globally emergence of the first time innovated cardiac patches convenience to patient world in medical science.
Abstract: Objective: Development of an innovated, economic and simple herbal formulation as cardiac protective through designed electromagnetic thermal device patches which induced the drugs directly to coronary arteries. This opens the blocked vessels even between 50-80% without Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Material & Methods: The electromagnetic...
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One Example of Using Markov Chain Monte Carlo Method for Predicting in Medicine
Pavlo Ivanchuk,
Maria Ivanchuk
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, October 2017
Pages:
113-116
Received:
22 November 2017
Accepted:
4 December 2017
Published:
3 January 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.ccr.20170104.13
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Abstract: Coronary heart disease is one of the most frequent causes of death in Ukraine. With the purpose of conducting adequate preventive work and planning the provision of specialized medical care for patients with coronary heart disease, the proposed paper predicts the prevalence of this disease in the next 10 years. The problem of prediction is solved by using Markov Chain Monte Carlo Method. An increasing of the incidence of coronary heart disease to 35041.21 per 100,000 population in 2025 is predicted.
Abstract: Coronary heart disease is one of the most frequent causes of death in Ukraine. With the purpose of conducting adequate preventive work and planning the provision of specialized medical care for patients with coronary heart disease, the proposed paper predicts the prevalence of this disease in the next 10 years. The problem of prediction is solved b...
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